GHAZNAVID EMPIRE MAHMUD AH 388-421 AV GOLD DINAR MINT: NISHAPUR DATE 400 H

Description

EARLY ISLAMIC (Pre-Seljuq).
Ghaznavid Empire
. Yamin al-Dawla Abu'l-Qasim
Mahmud Ghaznavi
. AH 388-421 / AD 998-1030.
AV Gold Dinar Mint :
NISHAPUR
, Dated : 400 Hijri, with muhammad / rasul Allah in two lines, Rare type also citing abbasid khalifa al qadir in obverse, bold about extremely fine attractive condition .
Mahmud of Ghazni
(
F
arsi:
محمود غزنوی
‎; ) was the first independent ruler of the
Ghaznavid dynasty
, ruling from 998 to 1030. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern
Iran
proper to the
Punjab
in the
Indian subcontinent
,
Khwarazm
in
Transoxiana
, and
Makran
.
Highly
Persianized
, Mahmud continued the bureaucratic, political, and cultural customs of his predecessors, the
Samanids
, which proved to establish the groundwork for a
Persianate
state in northern India. His capital of
Ghazni
evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center in the Islamic world, almost rivaling the important city of
Baghdad
. The capital appealed to many prominent figures, such as
al-Biruni
and
Ferdowsi
.
He was the first ruler to hold the title
Sultan
("authority"), signifying the extent of his power while at the same time preserving an ideological link to the
suzerainty
of the
Abbasid Caliphate
. During his rule, he invaded and plundered parts of the Indian subcontinent (east of the
Indus River
) seventeen times.
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