Early Chagatai Ulus, Kaidu, AR Dirhem, 1291, Almaligh, Very Rare, Zeno-275469

Description

This coin was issued in the period of
Kaidu Aqa
(AH circa 665-701, 1266-1301 AD),
Early Chagatai Ulus
in Turkestan.
It was minted in AH 689 (
1291
AD) in
Almaligh City
,the home city of Chagatai Family.
This coin is the piece of
Ex. Stephen Album Collection.
Kaidu Aqa
was the grandson of Mongol Khagan
Ogedei Khan
(1185-1241) and thus
leader of the House of Ogedei
and
de facto khan of Chagatai Ulus.
He ruled part of Turkestan and Central Asia during the 13th century.
He
actively opposed
his cousin,
Kublai Khan
, who established Yuan Dynasty (元帝国),
until Kaidu's death in 1301.
In the
Toluid Civil War
between 1260 and 1264,
Kublai Khan
was warring with his own brother
Ariq Boke
, Kaidu began
to have major conflicts with Kublai and his ally, the Ilkhanate.  Meanwhile, the Chagatayid Khan Alghu, who supported
Kublai as Khagan, ravaged the lands of Kaidu.  This forced Kaidu to make an alliance with
Berke of Golden Horde
.
After the defeat of Ariq Boke in 1264,
Kublai summoned Kaidu
to his court, but Kaidu avoided appearing at his court.
After wars and conflicts, peace was declared.
Two-thirds
of Transoxiana were granted to Baraq, while
the other third
went to
Kaidu
and Mengu-Timur.  Kaidu also gained control of the region
around Bukhara.
The Chagatayid princes
including Mubarak Shah
submitted
to Kaidu and proclaimed him as their
overlord
.
Kaidu had waged almost continuous warfare for
more than 30 years
against Kublai and his successor Temur, though
he eventually
fell in 1301
, when he was defeated and wounded during a battle near Karakorum and
died
.
[The above explanations are quoted from Wikipedia etc.]
Almaligh
(Almaliq, 阿力麻里) was a medieval city in Ili Basin, Turkestan.
It was located around (
44.2399, 80.5330
) in google location system.
I will attach photos of the site, but no ruins of great city are seen.  Very curious.
Silver Dirhem.   Worn piece with needle scratches and a chip at the edge.
It is
a piece of Stephen Album's collection
.
Extremely rare and hard to get coin.
Catalog number is MI-no listed and Zeno-275469.
MI catalogue is "Oriental coins and their values, The World of Islam.",
written by Michael Mitchiner, published by Hawkins Publications in London in 1977.
Zeno on line catalogue is "Zeno. Ru - Oriental Coins Database".
Size : 20 x 20 mm.     Weight : 1.73 gr.
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