1201AD Artuquid of Mardin Authentic Medieval Ancient Islamic Coin i45062

Description

Item:
i45062
Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Artuquid of Mardin
Artuq Arslan, 1201-1239 A.D.
AE Dirham 23mm (5.06 grams)
NM, AH611
A-1830.4
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
The
Artquids
or
Artuqid dynasty
was a
Turkmen
dynasty that ruled in Eastern Anatolia, Northern
Syria
and Northern
Iraq
in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Two main branches of the dynasty ruled from
Hasankeyf
(
Hısn-ı Keyf, Hısnkeyfa
) between 1102 and 1231 and
Mardin
between 1106 and 1186 (and until 1409 as vassals). There was also a third branch that acquired
Harput
in 1112 and was independent between 1185 and 1233.
History
City walls of Diyarbakır.
The dynasty was founded by Artuq, son of Eksük, a general originally under
Malik Shah I
and then under the
Seljuq
emir of
Damascus
,
Tutush I
. Tutush appointed Artuq governor of
Jerusalem
in 1086. Artuq died in 1091, and his sons
Sokman
and
Ilghazi
were expelled from Jerusalem by the
Fatimid
vizier
al-Afdal Shahanshah
in 1098; the Fatimids lost the city to the
crusaders
the following year.
Sokman and Ilghazi set themselves up in
Diyarbakır
,
Mardin
, and
Hasankeyf
in
the Jezirah
, where they came into conflict with the sultanate of
Great Seljuq
. Sokman,
bey
of Mardin, defeated the crusaders at the
Battle of Harran
in 1104. Ilghazi succeeded Sokman in Mardin and imposed his control over
Aleppo
at the request of the
qadi
Ibn al-Khashshab
in 1118. In 1119 Ilgazi defeated the crusader
Principality of Antioch
at the
Battle of Ager Sanguinis
.
In 1121 a Seljuq-Artuqid alliance, commanded by
Mehmed I of Great Seljuq
and Ilghazi, was defeated by
Georgia
at the
Battle of Didgori
. Ilghazi died in 1122, and although his nephew Balak nominally controlled Aleppo, the city was really controlled by Ibn al-Khashshab. Al-Kashshab was
assassinated
in 1125, and Aleppo fell under the control of
Zengi
of
Mosul
. After the death of Balak, the Artuqids were split between Diyarbakır, Hasankeyf and Mardin. Sokman's son Davud,
bey
of Hasankeyf, died in 1144, and was succeeded by his son Kara Aslan. Kara Aslan allied with
Joscelin II of Edessa
against the
Zengids
, and while Joscelin was away in 1144, Zengi recaptured
Edessa
, the first of the
Crusader states
to fall (see
Siege of Edessa
). Hasankeyf became a vassal of Zengi as well.
Kara Aslan's son Nur ad-Din Muhammad allied with the
Ayyubid
sultan
Saladin
against the
Sultan of Rum
Kilij Arslan II
, whose daughter had married Nur ad-Din Muhammad. In the peace settlement with Kilij Arslan, Saladin gained control of the Artuqid territory, even though the Artuqids were still technically vassals of
Mosul
, which Saladin did not yet control. With Artuqid support, however, Saladin eventually took control of Mosul as well.
The Artuklu dynasty remained in nominal command of upper Mesopotamia, but their power declined under Ayyubid rule. The
Hasankeyf
branch conquered Diyarbakır in 1198 and moved here, but was demolished by the Ayyubids in 1231 when it attempted to form an alliance with the Seljuqs. The Harput branch was destroyed by the Sultanate of Rum due to following a slippery policy between the Ayyubids and Seljuqs. The Mardin branch survived for longer, but as a vassal of the
Ayyubids
,
Sultanate of Rum
,
Il-Khanate
and the
Timurids
.
Karakoyunlu
captured Mardin and finally put an end to Artuklu rule in 1409.
Art
Figurative Architectural Piece
Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
,
Istanbul
Despite their constant preoccupation with war, members of the Artuklu dynasty left brilliant architectural monuments.
They made the most significant additions to
Diyarbakır City Walls
. Urfa Gate was rebuilt by Muhammad, son of Kara Arslan. In the same area of the western wall, south of Urfa Gate, two imposing towers, Ulu Beden and
Yedi Kardeş
were commissioned in 1208 by the Artuklu ruler Salih Mahmud who designed the Yedi Kardeş tower himself and apposed the Artukid double-headed eagle on its walls.
A large
caravanserai
in Mardin as well as the
civil engineering
feat of
Malabadi Bridge
are still in regular use in our day. The partially standing
Old Bridge, Hasankeyf
, was built in 1116 by Kara Arslan.
The Great Mosques of
Mardin
and
Silvan
were possibly but in any case considerably developed over the 12th century by several Artuklu rulers on the basis of existing Seljuq edifices. The congregational mosque of Dunaysir (now
Kızıltepe
) was commissioned by Artuklu Bey Yülük Arslan (1184–1203) and completed after his death in 1204 by his brother Artuk Arslan (1203–1239).
Coinage
Husam al-Din Yuluq Arslan, bronze
dirham
, 596
AH
(1199-1200
CE
)
Fakhr al-Din Qara Arslan, bronze
dirham
, 559
AH
(1163-1164
CE
)
Nasir al-Din Artuq Arslan, bronze
dirham
, 620
AH
(1223-1224
CE
)
Rulers of Artuqids
Hısnkeyfa
Branch
(Its center initially Hısnkeyfa, moved to
Amid
in 1183)
Müineddevle
Sökmen Bey
(1098-1104)
İbrahim (1104-1109)
Rükneddin Davud (1109-1144)
Ebulharis Fahreddin Karaaslan (1144-1167)
Nureddin Muhammed (1167-1185)
Mesud Kutbeddin (1185-1200)
Salih Nasreddin Mahmud (1200-1222)
Mesud Rükneddin Mevdud (1222-1231)
To
Ayyubids
.
Harput
Branch
(It was initially part of Hısnkeyfa one till 1185)
İmadeddin Ebubekir (1185-1203)
Nizameddin Ebubekir (1203-1223)
Nizameddin İbrahim (1223-1224)
Şemsüddevle Süleyman (1224)
İzzeddin Ahmed (1224-1234)
[2]
To
Sultanate of Rum
Mardin
Branch
Necmeddin İlgazi
(1104-1122)
Hüsameddin Timurtaş
(1122-1154)
Necmeddin Alpı
(1154-1176)
Kutbeddin İlgazi (1176-1184)
Hüsameddin Yavlak Yörükaslan (1184-1201)
Mansur Nasreddin Artuk Arslan (1201-1239)
Said Necmeddin Gazi (1239-1260)
Muzaffer Ebulfeth Fahreddin Karaaslan (1260-1292)
Semseddin Davud (1292-1294)
Mansur Necmeddin Gazi (1294-1312)
Adil İmadeddin Ali Alpı (1312)
Salih Şemseddin (1312-1363)
Mansur Ahmed (1363-1367)
Salih Mahmud (1367)
Muzaffer Davud (1367-1376)
Zahir Mecdeddin İsa (1376-1407)
Salih Şihabeddin Ahmed (1407-1409)
To
Kara Koyunlu
Aleppo
subbranch
(It was bounded to Mardin branch)
İlgazi Bey
(1117-1121)
Eburebi Bedriddevle Süleyman (1121-1123)
Belek Gazi
(1123-1124)
Timurtaş (1124)
İzzeddin Ahmed (1224-1234)
to
Zengids
See also
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
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